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http://10kimmunomes.org

Collection of reference datasets for human immunology, derived from control subjects in the NIAID ImmPort database . Available data include flow cytometry, CyTOF, multiplex ELISA, gene expression, HAI titers, clinical lab tests, HLA type, and others.

Proper citation: The 10000 Immunomes (RRID:SCR_016624) Copy   

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https://www.grnpedia.org/trrust/

TRUSST is reference database of human transcriptional regulatory interactions.TRRUST v2 is manually curated expanded reference database of human and mouse transcriptional regulatory interactions.

Proper citation: Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unrevealed by Sentence based Text mining database (RRID:SCR_022554) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/

Material Safety Data Sheets for chemical products are available to laboratory workers for most chemicals and reagents. However because many laboratory workers, whether in research, public health, teaching, etc., are exposed to not only chemicals but infectious substances as well, there was a large gap in the readily available safety literature for employees. These MSDS are produced for personnel working in the life sciences as quick safety reference material relating to infectious micro-organisms. The MSDS are organized to contain health hazard information such as infectious dose, viability (including decontamination), medical information, laboratory hazard, recommended precautions, handling information and spill procedures. The intent of these documents is to provide a safety resource for laboratory personnel working with these infectious substances. Because these workers are usually working in a scientific setting and are potentially exposed to much higher concentrations of these human pathogens than the general public, the terminology in these MSDS is technical and detailed, containing information that is relevant specifically to the laboratory setting. It is hoped along with good laboratory practices, these MSDS will help provide a safer, healthier environment for everyone working with infectious substances. The MSDS is ran by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is the main Government of Canada agency responsible for public health in Canada. PHACs primary goal is to strengthen Canadas capacity to protect and improve the health of Canadians and to help reduce pressures on the health-care system. To do this, the Agency is working to build an effective public health system that enables Canadians to achieve better health and well-being in their daily lives by promoting good health, helping prevent and control chronic diseases and injury, and protecting Canadians from infectious diseases and other threats to their health. PHAC is also committed to reducing health disparities between the most advantaged and disadvantaged Canadians. Because public health is a shared responsibility, the Public Health Agency of Canada works in close collaboration with all levels of government (provincial, territorial and municipal) to build on each others skills and strengths. The Agency also works closely with non-government organizations, including civil society and business, and other countries and international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) to share knowledge, expertise and experiences.

Proper citation: Material Safety Data Sheets for Infectious Substances of Canada (RRID:SCR_013003) Copy   

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http://tubic.tju.edu.cn/deg

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SEVICE. Documented on August 19,2019.It hosts records of currently available essential genes among a wide range of organisms. For prokaryotes, DEG contains essential genes in more than 10 bacteria, such as E. coli, B. subtilis, H. pylori, S. pneumoniae, M. genitalium and H. influenzae, whereas for eukaryotes, DEG contains those in yeast, humans, mice, worms, fruit flies, zebra fish and the plant A. thaliana. Users can Blast query sequences against DEG, and can also search for essential genes by their functions and names. Essential gene products comprise excellent targets for antibacterial drugs. Essential genes in a bacterium constitute a minimal genome, forming a set of functional modules, which play key roles in the emerging field, synthetic biology.

Proper citation: DEG - Database of Essential Genes (RRID:SCR_012929) Copy   

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http://www.phenomicdb.de/

PhenomicDB is a multi-organism phenotype-genotype database including human, mouse, fruit fly, C.elegans, and other model organisms. The inclusion of gene indices (NCBI Gene) and orthologs (same gene in different organisms) from HomoloGene allows to compare phenotypes of a given gene over many organisms simultaneously. PhenomicDB contains data from publicly available primary databases: FlyBase, Flyrnai.org, WormBase, Phenobank, CYGD, MatDB, OMIM, MGI, ZFIN, SGD, DictyBase, NCBI Gene, and HomoloGene. We brought this wealth of data into a single integrated resource by coarse-grained semantic mapping of the phenotypic data fields, by including common gene indexes (NCBI Gene), and by the use of associated orthology relationships (HomoloGene). PhenomicDB is thought as a first step towards comparative phenomics and will improve the understanding of the gene functions by combining the knowledge about phenotypes from several organisms. It is not intended to compete with the much more dedicated primary source databases but tries to compensate its partial loss of depth by linking back to the primary sources. The basic functional concept of PhenomicDB is an integrated meta-search-engine for phenotypes. Users should be aware that comparison of genotypes or even phenotypes between organisms as different as yeast and man can have serious scientific hurdles. Nevertheless finding that the phenotype of a given mouse gene is described as ��similar to psoriasis�� and at the same time that the human ortholog has been described as a gene causing skin defects can lead to novelty and interesting hypotheses. Similarly, a gene involved in cancer in mammalian organisms could show a proliferation phenotype in a lower organism such as yeast and thus, give further insights to a researcher.

Proper citation: PhenomicDB (RRID:SCR_013051) Copy   

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http://www.treefam.org

A database of phylogenetic trees of animal genes. It aims at developing a curated resource that gives reliable information about ortholog and paralog assignments, and evolutionary history of various gene families. TreeFam defines a gene family as a group of genes that evolved after the speciation of single-metazoan animals. It also tries to include outgroup genes like yeast (S. cerevisiae and S. pombe) and plant (A. thaliana) to reveal these distant members.TreeFam is also an ortholog database. Unlike other pairwise alignment based ones, TreeFam infers orthologs by means of gene trees. It fits a gene tree into the universal species tree and finds historical duplications, speciations and losses events. TreeFam uses this information to evaluate tree building, guide manual curation, and infer complex ortholog and paralog relations.The basic elements of TreeFam are gene families that can be divided into two parts: TreeFam-A and TreeFam-B families. TreeFam-B families are automatically created. They might contain errors given complex phylogenies. TreeFam-A families are manually curated from TreeFam-B ones. Family names and node names are assigned at the same time. The ultimate goal of TreeFam is to present a curated resource for all the families. phylogenetic tree, animal, vertebrate, invertebrate, gene, ortholog, paralog, evolutionary history, gene families, single-metazoan animals, outgroup genes like yeast (S. cerevisiae and S. pombe), plant (A. thaliana), historical duplications, speciations, losses, Human, Genome, comparative genomics

Proper citation: Tree families database (RRID:SCR_013401) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.fugu-sg.org/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE,documented on August 16, 2019. Fugu genome is among the smallest vertebrate genomes and has proved to be a valuable reference genome for identifying genes and other functional elements such as regulatory elements in the human and other vertebrate genomes, and for understanding the structure and evolution of vertebrate genomes. This site presents version 4 of the Fugu genome, released in October 2004 by the International Fugu Genome Consortium. Fugu rubripes has a very compact genome, with less than 15 consisting of dispersed repetitive sequence, which makes it ideal for gene discovery. A draft sequence of the fugu genome was determined by the International Fugu Genome Consortium in 2002 using the ''whole-genome shotgun'' sequencing strategy. Fugu is the second vertebrate genome to be sequenced, the first being the human genome. This webpage presents the annotation made on the fourth assembly by the IMCB team using the Ensembl annotation pipeline. We are continuing with the gap filling work and linking of the scaffolds to obtain super-contigs.

Proper citation: Fugu Genome Project (RRID:SCR_013014) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://projects.tcag.ca/humandup/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 17, 2013. It contains information about segmental duplications in the human genome. The criteria used to identify regions of segmental duplication are: Sequence identity of at least 90, Sequence length of at least 5 kb, Not be entirely composed of repetitive elements. Background Previous studies have suggested that recent segmental duplications, which are often involved in chromosome rearrangements underlying genomic disease, account for some 5 of the human genome. We have developed rapid computational heuristics based on BLAST analysis to detect segmental duplications, as well as regions containing potential sequence misassignments in the human genome assemblies. Results Our analysis of the June 2002 public human genome assembly revealed that 107.4 of 3,043.1 megabases (Mb) (3.53) of sequence contained segmental duplications, each with size equal or more than 5 kb and 90 identity. We have also detected that 38.9 Mb (1.28) of sequence within this assembly is likely to be involved in sequence misassignment errors. Furthermore, we have identified a significant subset (199,965 of 2,327,473 or 8.6) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the public databases that are not true SNPs but are potential paralogous sequence variants. Conclusion Using two distinct computational approaches, we have identified most of the sequences in the human genome that have undergone recent segmental duplications. Near-identical segmental duplications present a major challenge to the completion of the human genome sequence. Potential sequence misassignments detected in this study would require additional efforts to resolve. The segmental duplication data and summary statistics are available for download. Data for Human Genome (based on the May 2004 Human Genome Assembly (hg17)) Visualize duplication relationships in GBrowse (GBrowse) Duplicon Pair relationships (GFF) Genes within duplication regions (HTML) Genome duplication content (MS Excel) The segmental duplication data can be visualized in a genome browser in the GBrowse section. Selected human genome annotation tracks (except the segmental duplication track) have also been obtained from UCSC and loaded into the genome browser. Detailed information (e.g. overlapping genes, overlapping clones, detailed alignment) can be obtained by clicking on a duplication cluster in GBrowse. Both keyword search and BLAT search are available. Analyses based on previous human genome assemblies can be found in the Previous Analyses section. Acknowledgments We thank The Centre for Applied Genomics at the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) as well as collaborators worldwide. Supported by Genome Canada the Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Scholar Program (to S.W.S.) and the HSC Foundation.

Proper citation: Human Genome Segmental Duplication Database (RRID:SCR_007728) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://systers.molgen.mpg.de/

SYSTERS is a database of protein sequences grouped into homologous families and superfamilies. The SYSTERS project aims to provide a meaningful partitioning of the whole protein sequence space by a fully automatic procedure. A refined two-step algorithm assigns each protein to a family and a superfamily. The sequence data underlying SYSTERS release 4 now comprise several protein sequence databases derived from completely sequenced genomes (ENSEMBL, TAIR, SGD and GeneDB), in addition to the comprehensive Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL databases. To augment the automatically derived results, information from external databases like Pfam and Gene Ontology are added to the web server. Furthermore, users can retrieve pre-processed analyses of families like multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees. New query options comprise a batch retrieval tool for functional inference about families based on automatic keyword extraction from sequence annotations. A new access point, PhyloMatrix, allows the retrieval of phylogenetic profiles of SYSTERS families across organisms with completely sequenced genomes. Gene, Human, Vertebrate, Genome, Human ORFs

Proper citation: SYSTERS (RRID:SCR_007955) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://itfp.biosino.org/itfp/

ITFP is an integrated transcription factor (TF) platform, which included abundant TFs and targets message of mammalian. Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm combined with error-correcting output coding (ECOC) algorithm was utilized to identify and classify transcription factor from protein sequence of Human, Mouse and Rat. For transcription factor targets, a reverse engineering method named ARACNE was used to derive potential interaction pairs between transcription factor and downstream regulated gene from Human, Mouse and Rat gene expression profile data. Detailed information of gene expression profile data can be found in help page. Moreover, all data provided by the platform is free for non-commercial users and can be downloaded through links on help page.

Proper citation: Intergrated Transcription Factor Platform (RRID:SCR_008119) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?iter

ITER is a toxicology data file on the National Library of Medicine''s (NLM) Toxicology Data Network. It contains data in support of human health risk assessments. It is compiled by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) and contains over 600 chemical records with key data from the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR), Health Canada, National Institute of Public Health & the Environment (RIVM) - The Netherlands, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and independent parties whose risk values have undergone peer review. ITER provides a comparison of international risk assessment information in a side-by-side format and explains differences in risk values derived by different organizations. ITER data, focusing on hazard identification and dose-response assessment, is extracted from each agencys assessment and contains links to the source documentation. Among the key data provided in ITER are ATSDRs minimal risk levels; Health Canadas tolerable intakes/concentrations and tumorigenic doses/concentrations; EPAs carcinogen classifications, unit risks, slope factors, oral reference doses, and inhalation reference concentrations; RIVMs maximum permissible risk levels; NSF International''s reference doses and carcinogen risk levels, IARC''s cancer classifications, and noncancer and/or cancer risk values (that have undergone peer review) derived by independent parties. Users can search by chemical or other name, chemical name fragment, or Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number(RN), and/or subject terms. Search results can easily be viewed, printed or downloaded. Search results are displayed in relevancy ranked order. Users may select to display exact term matches, complete records, or any combination of data from the following broad groupings: -Noncancer Oral -Cancer Oral -Noncancer Inhalation -Cancer Inhalation

Proper citation: International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (RRID:SCR_008196) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://mips.gsf.de/proj/ppi/

The MIPS mammalian protein-protein interaction database (MPPI) is a new resource of high-quality experimental protein interaction data in mammals. The content is based on published experimental evidence that has been processed by human expert curators. It is a collection of manually curated high-quality PPI data collected from the scientific literature by expert curators. We took great care to include only data from individually performed experiments since they usually provide the most reliable evidence for physical interactions. To suit different users needs we provide a variety of interfaces to search the database: -Expert interface Simple but powerful boolean query language. -PPI search form Easy to use PPI search -Protein search Just find proteins of interest in the database Sponsors: This work is funded by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Proper citation: MIPS Mammalian Protein-Protein Interaction Database (RRID:SCR_008207) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/asd/altsplice/index.html

AltSplice is a computer generated high quality data set of human transcript-confirmed splice patterns, alternative splice events, and the associated annotations. This data is being integrated with other data that is generated by other members of the ASD consortium. The ASD project will provide the following in its three year duration: -human curated database of alternative spliced genes and their properties -a computer generated database of alternatively spliced genes and their properties -the integration of the above and newly found knowledge in a user-friendly interface and research workbench for both bioinformaticists and biologists -DNA chips that are based on the data in the above databases -the DNA chips will be used to test against predisposition for and diagnoses of human diseases ASD aims to analyse this mechanism on a genome-wide scale by creating a database that contains all alternatively spliced exons from human, and other model species. Disease causing mutations seem to induce aberrations in the process of splicing and its regulation. The ASD consortium will develop a DNA microarray (chip) that contains cDNAs of all the splicing regulatory proteins and their isoforms, as well as a chip that contains a number of disease relevant genes. We will concentrate on three models of disease (breast cancer, FTDP-17, male infertility) in which a connection between mis-splicing and a pathological state has been observed. Finally, these chips will be developed as demonstrative kits to detect predisposition for and diagnosis of such diseases. Categories: Nucleotide Sequences: Gene Structure, Introns and Exons, & Splice Sites Databases

Proper citation: AltSplice Database of Alternative Spliced Events (RRID:SCR_008162) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://agricola.nal.usda.gov/

A database, catalog and index to the collections of the National Agricultural Library, as well as a primary public source for world-wide access to agricultural information. This database resource covers materials in all formats and periods, including printed works from as far back as the 15th century. AGRICOLA is a bibliographic database of citations to the agricultural literature created by the National Agricultural Library and its cooperators. The records describe publications and resources encompassing all aspects of agriculture and allied disciplines, including animal and veterinary sciences, entomology, plant sciences, forestry, aquaculture and fisheries, farming and farming systems, agricultural economics, extension and education, food and human nutrition, and earth and environmental sciences. Although the NAL Catalog (AGRICOLA) does not contain the text of the materials it cites, thousands of its records are linked to full-text documents online, with new links added daily. The NAL Catalog (AGRICOLA) is organized into two bibliographic data sets: *The NAL Online Public Access Catalog (AGRICOLA NAL) contains citations to books, audiovisuals, serials, and other materials, most of which are in the Library''s collection. (The Catalog does contain some records for items not held at NAL.) *The Article Citation Database (AGRICOLA IND) includes citations, many with abstracts, to journal articles (see Journals Indexed in AGRICOLA), book chapters, reports, and reprints, selected primarily from the materials found in the NAL Catalog.

Proper citation: AGRICOLA (RRID:SCR_008158) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://mpr.nci.nih.gov/MPR/BrowseProteins.aspx

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on 6/24/13. A repository of information on commercially available phospho-specific antibodies to human phosphorylation sites. It provides a BLAST search for phosphorylation sites using as query the amino acid sequence surrounding the site. It also provides direct links to the relevant antibodies from many companies including BD Pharmingen, Biosource International, Cell Signaling Technology (CST), Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Upstate Biotechnology.

Proper citation: Mammalian Phosphorylation Resource (RRID:SCR_008210) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://chromium.lovd.nl/LOVD2/home.php?select_db=CDKN2A

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 23, 2016. The CDKN2A Database presents the germline and somatic variants of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene recorded in human disease through June 2003, annotated with evolutionary, structural, and functional information, in a format that allows the user to either download it or manipulate it for their purposes online. The goal is to provide a database that can be used as a resource by researchers and geneticists and that aids in the interpretation of CDKN2A missense variants. Most online mutation databases present flat files that cannot be manipulated, are often incomplete, and have varying degrees of annotation that may or may not help to interpret the data. They hope to use CDKN2A as a prototype for integrating computational and laboratory data to help interpret variants in other cancer-related genes and other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found throughout the genome. Another goal of the lab is to interpret the functional and disease significance of missense variants in cancer susceptibility genes. Eventually, these results will be relevant to the interpretation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in general. The CDKN2A locus is a valuable model for assessing relationships among variation, structure, function, and disease because: Variants of this gene are associated with hereditary cancer: Familial Melanoma (and related syndromes); somatic alterations play a role in carcinogenesis; allelic variants occur whose functional consequences are unknown; reliable functional assays exist; and crystal structure is known. All variants in the database are recorded according to the nomenclature guidelines as outlined by the Human Genome Variation Society. This database is currently designed for research purposes only and is not yet recommended as a clinical resource. Many of the mutations reported here have not been tested for disease association and may represent normal, non-disease causing polymorphisms.

Proper citation: CDKN2A Database (RRID:SCR_008179) Copy   

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http://jbirc.jbic.or.jp/hinv/ppi/

The PPI view displays H-InvDB human protein-protein interaction (PPI) information. It is constructed by assigning interaction data to H-InvDB proteins which were originally predicted from transcriptional products generated by the H-Invitational project. The PPI view is now providing 32,198 human PPIs comprised of 9,268 H-InvDB proteins. H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB) is an integrated database of human genes and transcripts. By extensive analyses of all human transcripts, we provide curated annotations of human genes and transcripts that include gene structures, alternative splicing isoforms, non-coding functional RNAs, protein functions, functional domains, sub-cellular localizations, metabolic pathways, protein 3D structure, genetic polymorphisms (SNPs, indels and microsatellite repeats) , relation with diseases, gene expression profiling, molecular evolutionary features, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and gene families/groups. Sponsors: This research is financially supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) and the Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC). Also, this work is partly supported by the Research Grant for the RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Project from MEXT to Y.H. and the Grant for the RIKEN Frontier Research System, Functional RNA research program.

Proper citation: H-Invitational Database: Protein-Protein Interaction Viewer (RRID:SCR_008054) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://amazonia.montp.inserm.fr/

A web interface and associated tools for easy query of public human transcriptome data by keyword, through thematic pages with list annotations. Amazonia provides a thematic entry to public transcriptomes: users may for instance query a gene on a Stem Cells page, where they will see the expression of their favorite gene across selected microarray experiments related to stem cell biology. This selection of samples can be customized at will among the 6331 samples currently present in the database. Every transcriptome study results in the identification of lists of genes relevant to a given biological condition. In order to include this valuable information in any new query in the Amazonia database, they indicate for each gene in which lists it is included. This is a straightforward and efficient way to synthesize hundreds of microarray publications., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: AmaZonia: Explore the Jungle of Microarrays Results (RRID:SCR_008405) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/asd/altextron/indexhtml

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. A computer generated high quality dataset of human transcript-confirmed constitutive and alternative exons and introns. The alternative events have been delineated and annotated with various characterizations. AltExtron is the prototype database for the production version AltSplice. AltExtron is more geared towards investigating various aspects of the methodologies used, and focuses in general on the biology behind alternative splicing. The complete data used in this work is available for downloading in several flat files, containing human genes, introns, exons, isoform events, human-mouse comparisons, and additional information on GC-AG introns. Two versions of AltExtron data are available - one as prototype (for human) and another as latest build (for human, drosophila, mouse, and others) based on EMBL/GenBank (Feb 2003).

Proper citation: AltExtron Database (RRID:SCR_008404) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.lamhdi.org/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, it has been replaced by Monarch Initiative. LAMHDI, the initiative to Link Animal Models to Human DIsease, is designed to accelerate the research process by providing biomedical researchers with a simple, comprehensive Web-based resource to find the best animal model for their research. LAMDHI is a free, Web-based, resource to help researchers bridge the gap between bench testing and human trials. It provides a free, unbiased resource that enables scientists to quickly find the best animal models for their research studies. LAMHDI includes mouse data from MGI, the Mouse Genome Informatics website; zebrafish data from ZFIN, the Zebrafish Model Organism Database; rat data from RGD, the Rat Genome Database; yeast data from SGD, the Saccharomyces Genome Database; and fly data from FlyBase. LAMHDI.org is operational today, and data is added regularly. Enhancements are planned to let researchers contribute their knowledge of the animal models available through LAMHDI. The LAMHDI goal is to allow researchers to share information about and access to animal models so they can refine research and testing, and reduce or replace the use of animal models where possible. LAMHDI Database Search: LAMHDI brings together scientifically validated information from various sources to create a composite multi-species database of animal models of human disease. To do this, the LAMHDI database is prepared from a variety of sources. The LAMHDI team takes publicly available data from OMIM, NCBI''s Entrez Gene database, Homologene, and WikiPathways, and builds a mathematical graph (think of it as a map or a web) that links these data together. OMIM is used to link human diseases with specific human genes, and Entrez provides universal identifiers for each of those genes. Human genes are linked to their counterpart genes in other species with Homologene, and those genes are linked to other genes tentatively or authoritatively using the data in WikiPathways. This preparatory work gives LAMHDI a web of human diseases linked to specific human genes, orthologous human genes, homologous genes in other species, and both human and non-human genes involved in specific metabolic pathways associated with those diseases. LAMHDI includes model data that partners provide directly from their data structures. For instance, MGI provides information about mouse models, including a disease for each model, as well as some genetic information (the ID of the model, in fact, identifies one or more genes). ZFIN provides genetic information for each zebrafish model, but no diseases, so zebrafish models are integrated by using the genes as the glue. For instance, a zebrafish model built to feature the zebrafish PKD2 gene would plug into the larger disease-gene map at the node representing the zebrafish PKD2 gene, which is connected to the node representing the human PKD2 gene, which in turn is connected to the node representing the human disease known as polycystic kidney disease. (Some of the partner data LAMHDI receives can even extend the base map. MGI provides a disease for every model, and in some cases this allows the creation of a disease-to-gene relationship in the LAMHDI database that might not already be documented in the OMIM dataset.) With curatorial and model information in hand, LAMHDI runs a lengthy automated process that exhaustively searches for every possible path between each model and each disease in the data, up to a set number of hops, producing for each disease-to-model pair a set of links from the disease to the model. The algorithm avoids circular paths and paths that include more than one disease anywhere in the middle of the path. At the end of this phase, LAMHDI has a comprehensive set of paths representing all the disease-to-model relationships in the data, varying in length from one hop to many hops. Each disease-to-model path is essentially a string of nodes in the data, where each node represents a disease, a gene, a linkage between genes (an orthologue, a homologue, or a pathway connection, referred to as a gene cluster or association), or a model. Each node has a human-friendly label, a set of terms and keywords, and - in most cases - a URL linking the node to the data source where it originated. When a researcher submits a search on the LAMHDI website, LAMHDI searches for the user''s search terms in its precomputed list of all known disease-to-model paths. It looks for the terms not only in the disease and model nodes, but also in every node along each path. The complete set of hits may include multiple paths between any given disease-to-model pair of endpoints. Each of these disease-to-model pair sets is ordered by the number of hops it involves, and the one involving the fewest hops is chosen to represent its respective disease-to-model pair in the search results presented to the user. Results are sorted by scores that represent their matches. The number of hops is one barometer of the strength of the evidence linking the model and the disease; fewer hops indicates the relationship is stronger, more hops indicates it may be weaker. This indicator works best for comparing models from a single partner dataset: MGI explicitly identifies a disease for each mouse model, so there can be disease-to-model hits for mice that involve just one hop. Because ZFIN does not explicitly identify a disease for each model, no zebrafish model will involve fewer than four hops to the nearest disease, from the zebrafish model to a zebrafish gene to a gene cluster to a human gene to a human disease.

Proper citation: LAMHDI: The Initiative to Link Animal Models to Human DIsease (RRID:SCR_008643) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry